Volrath, the Shapestealer (Card)

Volrath, the Shapestealer
0.24%inclusion2.54K decks1.04M decks
Josh Nelson
Sep 8, 2025
The Top 10 Non-Marvel Spiders in Magic: The Gathering
Spiders are some of the most true-to-reality creatures in Magic: The Gathering. Let's look at the top 10 best Spiders in the game!
Ethan Coover
Jul 2, 2024
Wombo Combo - Best Sultai Combos in EDH
Sultai combos get a strategic spotlight for graveyard recursion, landfall, and more.
Cardsphere
Archidekt
Commander Spellbook
Moxfield
Scryfall
MTGStocks
Super-Skrull
0.3%inclusion2 decks708 decks
Top Commanders
Atraxa, Praetors' Voice
1.3%inclusion538 decks42.3K decks
Kadena, Slinking Sorcerer
4.0%inclusion303 decks7.52K decks
Omnath, Locus of All
1.0%inclusion134 decks14K decks
Xavier Sal, Infested Captain
1.6%inclusion126 decks7.81K decks
Morophon, the Boundless
0.7%inclusion107 decks15.1K decks
The Wise Mothman
0.3%inclusion93 decks31.9K decks
The Mimeoplasm
1.3%inclusion86 decks6.86K decks
Muldrotha, the Gravetide
0.3%inclusion79 decks24K decks
Glarb, Calamity's Augur
0.3%inclusion78 decks23.4K decks
Sisay, Weatherlight Captain
0.4%inclusion65 decks17.9K decks
Kotis, the Fangkeeper
0.3%inclusion59 decks17.9K decks
Jodah, the Unifier
0.2%inclusion52 decks31.1K decks
Kenrith, the Returned King
0.1%inclusion45 decks30.7K decks
Maralen, Fae Ascendant
0.2%inclusion42 decks19.1K decks
Reaper King
0.4%inclusion35 decks8.83K decks
Gonti, Canny Acquisitor
0.3%inclusion35 decks11.3K decks
Esika, God of the Tree
0.1%inclusion32 decks24.6K decks
Atraxa, Grand Unifier
0.2%inclusion29 decks17.1K decks
Mimeoplasm, Revered One
0.9%inclusion27 decks2.91K decks
Yidris, Maelstrom Wielder
0.3%inclusion26 decks9.68K decks
Damia, Sage of Stone
0.7%inclusion24 decks3.43K decks
Cazur, Ruthless Stalker // Ukkima, Stalking Shadow
0.5%inclusion22 decks4.77K decks
Otrimi, the Ever-Playful
0.6%inclusion21 decks3.55K decks
Brokkos, Apex of Forever
1.2%inclusion20 decks1.74K decks
New Cards
Taskmaster, Mercenary Mimic
2.9%inclusion4 decks139 decks
0.6lift
Loki, Lord of Misrule
2.2%inclusion3 decks139 decks
0.9lift
Loki, the Deceiver
2.1%inclusion1 decks47 decks
0.4lift
Klaw, Master of Sound
1.6%inclusion2 decks126 decks
1.2lift
Stunning Shot
1.4%inclusion1 decks69 decks
1.9lift
High Lift Cards
Leadership Vacuum
9.3%inclusion237 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Road of Return
10%inclusion241 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Hex
8.8%inclusion222 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Blowfly Infestation
8.1%inclusion206 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Thelonite Hermit
8.9%inclusion226 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Bounty of the Luxa
8.0%inclusion204 decks2.54K decks
1.6lift
Necroskitter
8.6%inclusion219 decks2.54K decks
1.6lift
Sudden Substitution
9.0%inclusion229 decks2.54K decks
1.5lift
Hapatra, Vizier of Poisons
10%inclusion255 decks2.54K decks
1.5lift
Skinthinner
10%inclusion255 decks2.54K decks
1.5lift
Top Cards
Cultivate
41%inclusion1.03K decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Farseek
40%inclusion1.02K decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Swords to Plowshares
28%inclusion348 decks1.25K decks
-0.2lift
Rampant Growth
22%inclusion547 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Putrefy
21%inclusion545 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Counterspell
21%inclusion540 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Tezzeret's Gambit
20%inclusion514 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Tekuthal, Inquiry Dominus
19%inclusion493 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Leyline of the Guildpact
18%inclusion122 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Brokers Ascendancy
18%inclusion228 decks1.25K decks
0.7lift
Game Changers
Seedborn Muse
14%inclusion354 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Teferi's Protection
12%inclusion145 decks1.25K decks
-0.1lift
Smothering Tithe
10%inclusion126 decks1.25K decks
-0.3lift
Demonic Tutor
10%inclusion245 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Rhystic Study
9.4%inclusion239 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Cyclonic Rift
9.3%inclusion237 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Farewell
6.7%inclusion83 decks1.25K decks
-0.1lift
Vampiric Tutor
5.7%inclusion144 decks2.54K decks
-0.4lift
Enlightened Tutor
5.1%inclusion64 decks1.25K decks
-0.4lift
Creatures
Ezuri, Stalker of Spheres
18%inclusion445 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Ixhel, Scion of Atraxa
17%inclusion216 decks1.25K decks
0.9lift
Evolution Sage
17%inclusion434 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Thrummingbird
17%inclusion434 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Sakura-Tribe Elder
16%inclusion418 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Metastatic Evangel
16%inclusion194 decks1.25K decks
0.8lift
Taurean Mauler
14%inclusion101 decks708 decks
0.7lift
Elesh Norn, Grand Cenobite
14%inclusion171 decks1.25K decks
0.7lift
The Reaper, King No More
13%inclusion35 decks260 decks
1.3lift
Vesuvan Shapeshifter
13%inclusion341 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Vorinclex, Monstrous Raider
13%inclusion340 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Vishgraz, the Doomhive
13%inclusion166 decks1.25K decks
1.0lift
Atraxa, Grand Unifier
13%inclusion166 decks1.25K decks
0.6lift
Skrelv, Defector Mite
13%inclusion165 decks1.25K decks
0.5lift
Birds of Paradise
13%inclusion329 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Muldrotha, the Gravetide
12%inclusion316 decks2.54K decks
0.1lift
Thieving Amalgam
12%inclusion311 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Stratus Dancer
12%inclusion299 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Kheru Spellsnatcher
12%inclusion297 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Ixidron
12%inclusion296 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Deathmist Raptor
12%inclusion295 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Brimaz, Blight of Oreskos
12%inclusion144 decks1.25K decks
1.2lift
Den Protector
12%inclusion293 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Ainok Survivalist
12%inclusion293 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Willbender
12%inclusion292 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Jodah, the Unifier
11%inclusion76 decks661 decks
0.5lift
Kadena's Silencer
11%inclusion289 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Chromeshell Crab
11%inclusion289 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Hooded Hydra
11%inclusion286 decks2.54K decks
1.0lift
Nantuko Vigilante
11%inclusion284 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Atraxa, Praetors' Voice
11%inclusion139 decks1.25K decks
0.6lift
Icefeather Aven
11%inclusion282 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Thousand Winds
11%inclusion280 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Grim Haruspex
11%inclusion279 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Silumgar Assassin
11%inclusion275 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Faeburrow Elder
11%inclusion134 decks1.25K decks
-0.2lift
Bane of the Living
11%inclusion269 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Urabrask the Hidden
10%inclusion74 decks708 decks
1.0lift
Sagu Mauler
10%inclusion263 decks2.54K decks
1.4lift
Morophon, the Boundless
10%inclusion68 decks661 decks
-0.1lift
Elesh Norn
10%inclusion127 decks1.25K decks
0.9lift
Cankerbloom
10%inclusion257 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Toxrill, the Corrosive
9.5%inclusion240 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Grateful Apparition
9.4%inclusion117 decks1.25K decks
0.8lift
Elesh Norn, Mother of Machines
9.3%inclusion116 decks1.25K decks
0.5lift
Dreamtide Whale
9.0%inclusion228 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Maelstrom Archangel
8.9%inclusion59 decks661 decks
0.4lift
Norn's Choirmaster
8.9%inclusion111 decks1.25K decks
0.8lift
Ramos, Dragon Engine
8.8%inclusion58 decks661 decks
0.2lift
Flux Channeler
8.8%inclusion222 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Instants
Path to Exile
18%inclusion225 decks1.25K decks
-0.2lift
Sultai Charm
17%inclusion437 decks2.54K decks
0.8lift
Assassin's Trophy
14%inclusion367 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Beast Within
14%inclusion346 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Heroic Intervention
13%inclusion338 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Reality Shift
12%inclusion294 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Atomize
10%inclusion251 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Biomass Mutation
10%inclusion243 decks2.54K decks
1.0lift
Growth Spiral
8.6%inclusion218 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Negate
8.4%inclusion213 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Experimental Augury
7.9%inclusion200 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Prologue to Phyresis
7.9%inclusion199 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Echoing Truth
7.3%inclusion184 decks2.54K decks
1.6lift
Anguished Unmaking
6.8%inclusion85 decks1.25K decks
-0.1lift
Arcane Denial
6.8%inclusion173 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Vraska's Fall
6.8%inclusion172 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Brokers Confluence
6.7%inclusion84 decks1.25K decks
0.9lift
Grim Affliction
6.7%inclusion171 decks2.54K decks
1.4lift
Inspiring Call
6.7%inclusion171 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
An Offer You Can't Refuse
6.5%inclusion166 decks2.54K decks
-0.4lift
Mutational Advantage
6.2%inclusion156 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Ripples of Potential
6.0%inclusion153 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Mana Drain
5.8%inclusion148 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Void Rend
5.5%inclusion69 decks1.25K decks
0.2lift
Mortify
5.5%inclusion69 decks1.25K decks
0.2lift
Unite the Coalition
5.4%inclusion36 decks661 decks
0.4lift
Revitalizing Repast
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Chaos Warp
5.2%inclusion37 decks708 decks
-0.0lift
Abzan Charm
5.2%inclusion65 decks1.25K decks
0.4lift
Infectious Bite
5.1%inclusion129 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Deflecting Swat
5.1%inclusion36 decks708 decks
-0.3lift
Sorceries
Kodama's Reach
18%inclusion450 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Nature's Lore
16%inclusion397 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Three Visits
13%inclusion323 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Villainous Wealth
12%inclusion312 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Tempt with Discovery
12%inclusion307 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Explore
11%inclusion287 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Ghastly Conscription
11%inclusion284 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Overwhelming Stampede
10%inclusion265 decks2.54K decks
1.0lift
Black Sun's Zenith
10%inclusion253 decks2.54K decks
1.1lift
Urban Evolution
10%inclusion252 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Unnatural Restoration
9.2%inclusion232 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Ruinous Ultimatum
8.5%inclusion56 decks661 decks
0.1lift
White Sun's Twilight
8.0%inclusion99 decks1.25K decks
0.7lift
Blasphemous Act
7.6%inclusion54 decks708 decks
-0.3lift
Infectious Inquiry
7.3%inclusion185 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Drown in Ichor
6.9%inclusion176 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Toxic Deluge
6.7%inclusion171 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Mire in Misery
6.6%inclusion168 decks2.54K decks
2.0lift
Eerie Ultimatum
6.5%inclusion81 decks1.25K decks
-0.0lift
Reanimate
6.5%inclusion164 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Urza's Ruinous Blast
6.3%inclusion79 decks1.25K decks
0.1lift
Contentious Plan
6.3%inclusion160 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Grind // Dust
6.0%inclusion75 decks1.25K decks
2.3lift
Thirsting Roots
5.6%inclusion143 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Primevals' Glorious Rebirth
5.4%inclusion67 decks1.25K decks
0.0lift
Genesis Ultimatum
5.4%inclusion38 decks708 decks
0.3lift
Phyresis Outbreak
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Phyrexian Rebirth
5.2%inclusion65 decks1.25K decks
1.1lift
Sunfall
5.1%inclusion63 decks1.25K decks
0.8lift
Multiversal Recruitment
1.4%inclusion2 decks139 decks
1.0lift
Multiversal Incursion
1.2%inclusion2 decks169 decks
0.2lift
Utility Artifacts
Swiftfoot Boots
16%inclusion405 decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Lightning Greaves
16%inclusion395 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Contagion Engine
15%inclusion371 decks2.54K decks
0.9lift
Scroll of Fate
12%inclusion297 decks2.54K decks
1.2lift
Contagion Clasp
11%inclusion280 decks2.54K decks
0.8lift
Strionic Resonator
11%inclusion277 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
The Ozolith
6.8%inclusion173 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Fist of Suns
6.7%inclusion44 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Maskwood Nexus
6.2%inclusion156 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
The Great Henge
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Legacy Weapon
5.3%inclusion35 decks661 decks
0.8lift
The Arkenstone
0.7%inclusion1 decks152 decks
1.0lift
My Precious
0.3%inclusion1 decks339 decks
0.9lift
Enchantments
Inexorable Tide
18%inclusion448 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Trail of Mystery
12%inclusion300 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Gift of Doom
11%inclusion291 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Secret Plans
11%inclusion290 decks2.54K decks
1.3lift
Annie Joins Up
10%inclusion69 decks661 decks
0.2lift
Maelstrom Nexus
9.4%inclusion62 decks661 decks
0.3lift
Norn's Decree
9.0%inclusion112 decks1.25K decks
0.7lift
Hardened Scales
8.2%inclusion209 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Phyrexian Arena
8.1%inclusion205 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Doubling Season
7.8%inclusion198 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Nest of Scarabs
7.7%inclusion195 decks2.54K decks
1.7lift
Rhythm of the Wild
7.5%inclusion53 decks708 decks
-0.1lift
Innkeeper's Talent
6.6%inclusion167 decks2.51K decks
0.4lift
Simic Ascendancy
6.4%inclusion163 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Phyrexian Awakening
6.1%inclusion76 decks1.25K decks
1.1lift
Leyline of Mutation
5.7%inclusion35 decks618 decks
0.2lift
Mirari's Wake
5.6%inclusion70 decks1.25K decks
-0.1lift
Branching Evolution
5.6%inclusion142 decks2.54K decks
0.1lift
Propaganda
5.5%inclusion139 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Skrelv's Hive
5.5%inclusion68 decks1.25K decks
0.6lift
Leyline of Anticipation
5.4%inclusion138 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
All Will Be One
5.4%inclusion38 decks708 decks
0.6lift
Temur Ascendancy
5.4%inclusion38 decks708 decks
-0.2lift
Resourceful Defense
5.1%inclusion63 decks1.25K decks
0.7lift
Guardian Project
5.0%inclusion127 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Return of the Mole Man
0.7%inclusion1 decks139 decks
0.6lift
Battles
Invasion of Alara
7.0%inclusion46 decks661 decks
0.7lift
Planeswalkers
Vraska, Betrayal's Sting
13%inclusion336 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Vraska the Unseen
11%inclusion279 decks2.54K decks
1.1lift
Ajani, Sleeper Agent
11%inclusion137 decks1.25K decks
0.8lift
Tamiyo, Field Researcher
7.6%inclusion95 decks1.25K decks
0.4lift
Dihada, Binder of Wills
6.1%inclusion40 decks661 decks
0.3lift
Utility Lands
Reliquary Tower
29%inclusion733 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Karn's Bastion
20%inclusion507 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Bojuka Bog
20%inclusion496 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Temple of the False God
17%inclusion427 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Rogue's Passage
13%inclusion327 decks2.54K decks
0.1lift
Thespian's Stage
12%inclusion301 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Urborg, Tomb of Yawgmoth
11%inclusion271 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Yavimaya, Cradle of Growth
10%inclusion265 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Nesting Grounds
9.3%inclusion236 decks2.54K decks
0.3lift
Shrine of the Forsaken Gods
8.6%inclusion219 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Gavony Township
8.4%inclusion104 decks1.25K decks
0.9lift
Boseiju, Who Endures
6.8%inclusion173 decks2.54K decks
-0.4lift
Saltcrusted Steppe
5.2%inclusion65 decks1.25K decks
1.1lift
Mana Artifacts
Sol Ring
74%inclusion1.89K decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Arcane Signet
60%inclusion1.53K decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Chromatic Lantern
25%inclusion628 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Fellwar Stone
15%inclusion386 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Commander's Sphere
12%inclusion315 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Everflowing Chalice
12%inclusion305 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Astral Cornucopia
12%inclusion296 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Thran Dynamo
11%inclusion288 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Timeless Lotus
11%inclusion73 decks661 decks
0.0lift
Replicating Ring
8.4%inclusion214 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Simic Signet
7.1%inclusion179 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Golgari Signet
6.8%inclusion173 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Talisman of Resilience
6.5%inclusion166 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Glistening Sphere
6.3%inclusion159 decks2.54K decks
0.6lift
Talisman of Curiosity
6.0%inclusion153 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Talisman of Dominance
5.9%inclusion150 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Thought Vessel
5.9%inclusion150 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Dimir Signet
5.8%inclusion148 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
The Mind Stone
0.7%inclusion1 decks152 decks
-0.4lift
Lands
Command Tower
87%inclusion2.21K decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Exotic Orchard
58%inclusion1.47K decks2.54K decks
-0.0lift
Opulent Palace
49%inclusion1.25K decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Evolving Wilds
33%inclusion826 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Sunken Hollow
31%inclusion779 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Temple Garden
29%inclusion367 decks1.25K decks
-0.0lift
Godless Shrine
29%inclusion362 decks1.25K decks
0.0lift
Indatha Triome
29%inclusion360 decks1.25K decks
0.1lift
The World Tree
28%inclusion188 decks661 decks
0.0lift
Overgrown Tomb
28%inclusion714 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Hallowed Fountain
28%inclusion350 decks1.25K decks
-0.0lift
Breeding Pool
28%inclusion708 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Zagoth Triome
28%inclusion706 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Terramorphic Expanse
27%inclusion696 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Sandsteppe Citadel
27%inclusion341 decks1.25K decks
0.2lift
Watery Grave
27%inclusion691 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Path of Ancestry
27%inclusion683 decks2.54K decks
-0.1lift
Arcane Sanctum
27%inclusion331 decks1.25K decks
0.4lift
Seaside Citadel
27%inclusion330 decks1.25K decks
0.2lift
Stomping Ground
26%inclusion187 decks708 decks
-0.1lift
Ketria Triome
25%inclusion175 decks708 decks
0.0lift
Yavimaya Coast
25%inclusion623 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Spara's Headquarters
24%inclusion302 decks1.25K decks
0.1lift
Llanowar Wastes
24%inclusion609 decks2.54K decks
0.2lift
Raffine's Tower
23%inclusion286 decks1.25K decks
0.2lift
Golgari Rot Farm
22%inclusion563 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Ziatora's Proving Ground
22%inclusion157 decks708 decks
0.1lift
Steam Vents
22%inclusion156 decks708 decks
-0.1lift
Simic Growth Chamber
22%inclusion549 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Blood Crypt
21%inclusion151 decks708 decks
-0.0lift
Frontier Bivouac
21%inclusion149 decks708 decks
0.1lift
Dimir Aqueduct
21%inclusion523 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Sacred Foundry
21%inclusion136 decks661 decks
-0.1lift
Woodland Cemetery
20%inclusion510 decks2.54K decks
0.1lift
Jungle Shrine
20%inclusion131 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Darkwater Catacombs
20%inclusion501 decks2.54K decks
0.5lift
Hinterland Harbor
20%inclusion498 decks2.54K decks
0.0lift
Jetmir's Garden
19%inclusion123 decks661 decks
-0.0lift
Raugrin Triome
18%inclusion122 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Savai Triome
18%inclusion121 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Xander's Lounge
18%inclusion129 decks708 decks
0.2lift
Mystic Monastery
18%inclusion117 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Myriad Landscape
18%inclusion448 decks2.54K decks
0.4lift
Polluted Delta
17%inclusion431 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Verdant Catacombs
17%inclusion429 decks2.54K decks
-0.2lift
Misty Rainforest
17%inclusion427 decks2.54K decks
-0.3lift
Crumbling Necropolis
17%inclusion119 decks708 decks
0.2lift
Jungle Hollow
16%inclusion416 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift
Nomad Outpost
16%inclusion108 decks661 decks
0.1lift
Thornwood Falls
16%inclusion407 decks2.54K decks
0.7lift